Abstract :-
The active volcanoes in China are located in the Changbaishan area, Jingbo Lake, Wudalianchi, Tengchong and Yutian. Several of these volcanoes have historical records of eruption and geochronological evidence of Holocene activity. Tianchi Volcano is a well-preserved Cenozoic polygenetic central volcano, and, due to its recent history of powerful explosive eruptions of felsic magmas, with over 100,000 people living on its flanks is a high-risk volcano. Explosive eruptions at 4000 and 1000 years bp involved plinian and ignimbrite phases. The Millennium eruption (1000 years bp) involved at least 20–30 km3of magma and was large enough to have a global impact. There are 14 Cenozoic monogenetic scoria cones and associated lavas with high-K basalt composition in the Wudalianchi volcanic field. The Laoheishan and Huoshaoshan cones and related lavas were formed in 1720–1721 and 1776 ad. There are three Holocene volcanoes, Dayingshan, Maanshan, and Heikongshan, among the 68 Quaternary volcanoes in the Tengchong volcanic province. Three of these volcanoes are identified as active, based on geothermal activity, geophysical evidence for magma, and dating of young volcanic rocks. Future eruptions of these Chinese volcanoes pose a significant threat to hundreds of thousands of people and are likely to cause substantial economic losses.
Wudalianchi China (eastern)
Volcano type:Volcanic field
Summit Elev: 597 m Latitude: 48.72°N Longitude: 126.12°E
The Wudalianchi volcanic field, named for a string of five scenic lava-dammed lakes, consists of 14 cinder cones capping a 500 km2 shield-like lava plateau in NE China. The volcanic field, whose name means “Five Connected Pools” was formed during five eruptive cycles from the early Pleistocene to historical time. Its ancient name was “Nine Hills,” which after the historical eruptions now number 14 hills. The cinder cones were erupted through basement sedimentary and granitic rocks and show a preferred alignment along three chains at the intersection of NE- and NW-trending lineaments. In addition to the historical cinder cones of Laoheishan and Huoshaoshan, Xilongmenshan and Donglongmenshan are Holocene in age. The freshly preserved cones of Laoheishan and Huoshaoshan were formed during eruptions in 1720-21. Fissures at the base of the two new cinder cones fed glassy pahoehoe and aa lava flows that covered 65 km2 and formed the five lakes of Wudalianchi at their eastern and northern margins. Renewed eruptions took place in 1776.
Changbaishan volcano
Stratovolcano 2744 m / 9,003 ft China / North Korea border, 41.98°N / 128.08°E
Current status: normal or dormant
Last update: 30 Mar 2019 (increased seismic and degassing activity, deformation) Typical eruption style: explosive
Changbaishan volcano eruptions: 1903, 1898, 1702, 1668, 1597 (?), 1413 (?), 969 AD ±20 (large Plinian eruption VEI 7), 180 BC ± 75 years, 1000 BC (?), 2160 BC ± 100 years
Volcano reports
Changbaishan (or Baitoushan) volcano is a large stratovolcano at the NE China – N Korean border and is and the most active in China. It is also known as Tianchi, or in Korean as Baegdu or P’aektu-san (Paektusan) volcano. One of the largest explosive eruptions in the world during the past 10,000 years occurred around 969 ±20 AD and is known as the Baitoushan eruption. It erupted about 30 cubic km of magma, about half as much as Tambora in 1815 AD or 3 times as much as Krakatau in 1883. The eruption produced rhyolitic and trachytic pumice and ash fall as far as northern Japan, and formed part of the present-day caldera. Small eruptions have been recorded in historic times since the 15th century, the last being a small explosion in April 1903. Out of China’s 14 active volcanoes, Baitoushan is considered the most dangerous volcano. The major hazard are lahars from the huge lake in the 5-km-wide caldera that could threaten the mostly Korean population of about 100,000 living near or on the slopes of the volcano, as well as the many tourists visiting the volcano in summer.
Background:
Changbaishan is relatively poorly known, due to its remote location. It contains a 5-km-wide, 850-m-deep summit caldera occupied by scenic Lake Tianchi (“Sky Lake”). The volcano has a diameter of 60 km and is composed dominantly of trachytic and rhyolitic lavas, overlying an older shield volcano known as the Changbaishan or Laoheidingzi shield volcano. There are numerous flank cones on a NNE rift zone. Sources: – Smithsonian / GVP Changbaishan volcano information
– Horn S, Schmincke H (2000) “Voltatile emission during the eruption of Baitoushan volcano (China/North Korea) ca. 969 AD” Bull Volc, v. 61, pp. 537-555 -V. G. Sakhno (2007) “Chronology of eruptions, composition, and magmatic evolution of the Paektusan Volcano: Evidence from K-Ar, 87Sr/86Sr, and δ18O isotope data”, Geology, v.412 (1), pp. 22-28
-Miyamoto T (2002) “The time sequence of eruption of Baitoushan volcano in 10th century and folktales about the eruption”, Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2002, Abstract V032-003 2010 possible activity According to an article in Science, a South Korean geologist claimed that Changbaishan showed signs of activity in June 2010, but Chines scientists deny such activity.
1994 gas emissions and hot springs A news report on 3 Nov 1994 writes about gas emissions from the summit and hot springs, as well as many small volcanic earthquakes that could be felt in the past 2 years.
1903 eruption The last confirmed eruption of Baitoushan was in April 1903 and produced white and pink comendite–rhyolite pumice and ashes with fiamme-like inclusions of black trachyte and trachyandesite rocks. The deposits are visible on the eastern and southern slopes of the volcano.
969 ± 20 AD Plinian eruption One of the largest eruptions in the world during the past 10,000 years occurred around 969 ± 20 AD from Baitoushan volcano. The total volume of tephra has been estimated as 96 ±19 cubic km and ranks as VEI 7. Studies of the pumice fall deposit reconstruct an eruption column reaching 25 km altitude. Despite the size of the eruption, it is not recorded in historical documents, but there are tales that possibly refer to it in several local legends.
Conclusion:-
China Should immediately install geothermal power plants to convert geothermal energy into commercial electricity.
As per journal of Northeast Asian studies, There are not only a large number of Cenozoic volcanoes and volcanic rocks distributed in China, but also some active volcanoes can be found on the main land, the Islands, Tibetan Plateau and the seas of China;
अग्नि सुक्तम् – अग्निमीळे पुरोहितं यज्ञस्य देवमृत्विजम्
Agni Suktam – Om Agnim-Iille Purohitam Yajnyasya Devam-Rtvijam
ॐ अग्निमीळे पुरोहितं यज्ञस्य देवमृत्विजम् । होतारं रत्नधातमम् ॥१॥
अग्निः पूर्वेभिर्ऋषिभिरीड्यो नूतनैरुत । स देवाँ एह वक्षति ॥२॥
As per “Rigveda”, Magma (Agnidevta) besides the fate of 8 Billion earthlings residing on the surface of the earth. The role of four important patrons – Purohita, Devta, Ritvij and Hota of Shrishti Yagna are played by Magma (Agnidevta) all the gems are produced by crystallization of Magma in the mines. Since the dawn of civilization on earth ancient and modern sages (Rishis) made judicious use of Magma and Geothermal Energy.
Courtesy- https://www.joltindia.com/blog/magma-agni-devta-reveals-on-surface-of-chinese-main-land